The Significance of Language in Indigenous Culture essay

The Significance of Language in Indigenous Culture essay The Significance of Language in Indigenous Culture essay The Significance of Language in Indigenous Culture essayThe issue regarding the significance of language in various social movements has been widely discussed in both the academic literature and the media. The role of language in indigenous culture deserves special attention because language and culture are two interrelated things. Actually, the concept of culture refers to â€Å"knowledge, experience, meanings, beliefs, values, attitudes, and religions, concepts of self, the universe and self-universe, relationships, hierarchies of status, role expectations, spatial relations, and time concepts† collected and utilized by a particular group of people over many generations.1 In other words culture is reflected in various language patterns, influencing the process of communication. Indigenous culture involves a set of activities that are deeply rooted in the past. Besides, â€Å"indigenous culture affects the development of language,† promoting science knowledge and socia l growth.2 Because of the rapid decline in language diversity of indigenous people, there is the considerable decline in cultural diversity. Undoubtedly, these changes are caused by historical developments, such as imperialism and colonialism, intensive global economic development, and the growth of militarism. Besides, cultural beliefs affect the use of language by indigenous peoples. Thesis statement: Language plays an important role in indigenous culture as it is part of culture and cannot exist without culture.Analysis of the relationship between language and indigenous cultureThe relationship between language and indigenous culture has been analyzed in recent research. It has been found that â€Å"in Indigenous American beliefs we see that language is the embodiment of life, the spirit, providing sacred teachings within it and through it.†3 It is very important for Indigenous people to preserve their native language, promoting its spiritual effects and maintaining its cu ltural aspects.In many countries, Indigenous people fail to enjoy the basic indigenous rights, which are considered to be crucial in establishing a context for the proper autonomous development, contributing to the survival of indigenous culture. The right to use one’s own language forms the basis of effective social development. Since colonization, this right has been denied by the dominated nations. They considered that language could become â€Å"an obstacle to assimilation and national homogenization.†4Recent research, which was conducted in the form of observation, shows the ways in which language is embedded in culture, cultural heritage and social context of an indigenous community. Special attention in the informal observation was paid to the role of history and its impact on cultural heritage, including the impact of legends, music, songs, dancing, and various cultural practices, which highlight the role of social change on language. The participants brought t heir experiences of language and culture based on their own cultural heritage. The observation was focused on exploration of the experiences from different indigenous communities, which enabled the participants to take into consideration both basic denominators in the role of language and cultural relationship and the proper strategies aimed at addressing language and cultural revitalization. The observation was held in indigenous communities: Maya community in the U.S. and Ngarrindjeri community in Australia. It has been found that the preservation of indigenous language and culture contributes to each country’s history. The following responses to the set questions regarding the significant role of language in indigenous culture include:Participant 1: â€Å"For Indigenous people in the U.S., languages are linked to their culture, beliefs, values and spiritual identity. Indigenous language reflects the history of indigenous people.†Participant 2: â€Å"Over half of th e 250 Indigenous languages in Australia are no longer used. It is very important to preserve those languages that remain. Many of the existing indigenous languages are used only by Elders. This fact means these languages are facing extinction. The proper steps should be taken to record them.†Participant 3: â€Å"No efforts are made in the community to revive the oldest languages. We should encourage the younger generation to use indigenous languages.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, 90% of the participants support the idea of preserving indigenous language in order to maintain indigenous culture.   The informal observation provided much information that helps to analyze the relationship between language and indigenous culture.Some social problems that have negative impacton the role of language in indigenous culture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are serious social problems that may have negative impact on the role of language in i ndigenous culture. In fact, â€Å"institutionalized racism toward Indigenous Americans has occurred both on and off reservations, in government and in Christian institutions.†5 In other word eradication of native languages may lead to eradication of indigenous cultures. The U.S. Indian Reservations have suffered considerably because of improper policies aimed at eradication of native languages. Many social problems, such as poverty, drug/alcohol abuse, high school dropout rates, unemployment, the spread of various diseases and other factors, had negative impact on the role of language in the development of indigenous culture.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major problem that affects the role of language in the development of indigenous culture is the culture of Christian Churches. It is known that some Christian Churches see language as the â€Å"threat to the culture of their churches.†6 Many Churches do not support the idea to allow indigenous people teach their language at schools. This conflict may lead to serious problems concerning the promotion of the identity of Indigenous communities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, many Indigenous people in the U.S. and Canada continue to teach their children native language, â€Å"the language of their grandparents and ancestors.†7 Researchers highlight the problems of eradication of native languages. In 1950s, indigenous children were forbidden to speak their native languages, such as Navajo language. If they made attempts to speak their native language, they were punished. As a matter of fact, â€Å"a policy† that forbade Native language use existed in Canada, the United States, including Guam, the U.S. territory in Micronesia.8 There are some positive outcomes of the implemented strategies that address the significance of indigenous language and lead to its revival.   Actually, â€Å"the Kaurna language once thrived and was spoken by the or iginal inhabitants of Adelaide, but it began to disappear from daily use in South Australia as early as the 1860s.†9 Today, this language is alive because indigenous people are allowed to use it in communication.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that language can be perceived as culture. Language plays a significant role in the development of Indigenous culture. This research points out to the fact that language can be used as a tool to preserve Indigenous cultures. For many Indigenous people, language is considered to be sacred. In other words, language cannot be separated from the culture it represents. It has been found that cross-cultural communication, effective cooperation, and mutual understanding can help Indigenous people to maintain their indigenous culture, language and identity. Diversity as one of the major concerns that requires using the proper strategies aimed at making a difference in this world.

Danielle Steels New Book Releases

Danielle Steel's New Book Releases Danielle Steel is one of the most prolific authors in the world. She is best known for romance novels  but has also written nonfiction and childrens books. The books listed here are Steels newest novels. If you want to check out her other books, you can find information about everything she has written on the Danielle Steel website. Danielle Steels Book Releases in 2016 and 2017 March 2017 - Dangerous Games.   Follow TV correspondent Alix Phillips as she reports important news from dangerous riots in America to protests in Tehran. When her assignment turns to investigating the Vice President of the United States, threats begin and stakes rise.2017 -   The Mistress.  The Mistress centers around a young woman who is rescued from the streets of Moscow by a Russian billionaire. She lives under his protection and is unfailingly loyal to him. The book frequents Paris, London, the Riviera and Moscow and immerses readers in a tale of vast wealth, courage and cruelty, as the characters approach an inevitable collision.2016 - The Award.  The Award follows the life of young Gaelle de Barbet, who is 16 years old when the German army occupies France in 1940. Following the death of her father and brother at the hands of the Germans, and her mothers descent into madness, Gaelle joins the French Resistance, at great personal cost. Years later, Gaelles path eventuall y leads to the Legion of Honor Medal. 2016 - Rushing Waters.  Set amid a catastrophe and its aftermath, Rushing Waters chronicles the experiences of characters who are thrown together by Hurricane Ophelia as it approaches New York City and the subsequent horrific flooding. Follow the exploits of an interior designer, a British investment banker, an ER doctor and two NYU students as their lives change in a second.2016 -   Magic.  Magic starts in Paris at the annual White Dinner outside a spectacular landmark that changes each year. The dinner is accessible only by secret invitation, and all guests dress in white. The book follows the experiences of a group of close friends who attended the White Dinner as they travel around the globe during a year of heartbreak and success.2016 - The Apartment.  Four young women come together by chance to share a spacious loft apartment in New York City. Over a span of years, the women share life in the apartment and become a family of friends, supporting one another through tryin g times and celebrating individual successes. 2016 - Property of a Noblewoman.  A law clerk at surrogates court and a fine arts expert for Christies auction house are drawn together to unravel a mystery launched by an abandoned safe deposit box in a New York City bank. Through their efforts, the life of the owner is reconstructed as they follow clues from New York to London, Paris, Rome and Naples. Eventually, the womans legacy is honored and transforms lives long after she is gone.2016 - Blue.  Ginny Carter is an on-air reporter who has it all with her husband and young son are killed in a car accident. She becomes a human rights worker in New York where she meets a homeless boy named Blue on the anniversary of her familys tragedy. Thirteen-year-old Blue changes her life. Steel has been a bestselling author for more than four decades, so you can easily find copies of her books.

Explain the importance of strategic alliances in international Assignment

Explain the importance of strategic alliances in international business and the reasons why companies choose this growth strateg - Assignment Example This action of entering into foreign markets opens up the firm to benefits of economies of scale and increased opportunities for marketing and distribution. However, the cost linked with entering into foreign markets may far out-span the capabilities of a single firm (BLEEKE & ERNST 1993, 27). This then dictates the need to enter into a strategic alliance with another international firm. This has the effect of expediting the rate of entry into the foreign market albeit maintaining relative low costs (SHENKAR & REUER 2006, 71). Several logistical tussles are still to be encountered with entry into foreign markets. These tussles range from entrenched competition, unfriendly government regulation and irrelevant beauracracies (GIBBS & HUMPHRIES 2009, 45). There is a higher prospect of overcoming these obstacles when strategic alliances are employed, as contrasted to when the firm decides to venture into foreign markets on a solitary basis. There exist three core categories via which stra tegic alliance can be regarded. The first one of these is joint ventures. Joint ventures are formed when the respective companies combine to form an independent company. The respective companies decide to share the profit and loss of the new entity that will be created. One of the most notable cases where joint venture was created is that of Sony Ericson. Sony and Ericson decided to form a new entity known as Sony Ericson Mobile Communications. However, this new entity has just recently been fully owned by the Sony Corporation who renamed it Sony Mobile Communications. The next category of strategic alliances is equity strategic alliances. This entails the new partners having different percentages of equity in the new venture. Depending on the motive or goal of the strategic alliance, the partners can either opt to share equity in each other’s business on in one business. The determining factor is the reason for the strategic alliance. An example of such an alliance is that b etween Star-Bucks and Kraft. The last category of strategic alliance is non-equity strategic alliances. This is when a strategic alliance is carried out on the terms of a contract agreement rather than on the ownership basis. The relationship of this kind is usually referred to as a contractual relationship. A good example of a non-equity strategic alliance is the one between Vodafone and Telecom Malaysia. The deal was signed in 2006 whereby Vodafone was the leading partner. Strategic alliance requires a well though-out procedure to ensure the alliance is successful and realizes its intended goal(s). Prior to embarking on an alliance, firms should choose partners whose strategic goals and objectives are compatible to their own. The firm should take into consideration the extent to which synergy will be availed. Additionally, firms should endeavour to participate in strategic alliances that complement the firm. This translates to mean that, firms ought to engage in alliances that wil l complement their skills, their products and services in addition to its market share. Akin to all business agreements, rules and regulations must be incorporated into strategic alliances. These factors are divided into scope of operation and length of cooperation. The scope of operation entails partners agreeing on how to handle potentially competitively sensitive information. Secondly, it expounds on what will be shared and what will

Read argument assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read argument assignment - Essay Example d on their respective research claim that this form of writing is not jeopardizing the written language, in fact it is contributing to development of the language. Puente, while summarizing the writing styles used in online social networks’ status updates has described in her essay how writing in this way has become an art. Humphry makes a point by saying that these abbreviations will cause communication problems, but I also agree with Crystal and Lunsford, that if standardized, and included in the dictionary, these abbreviations can become a part of the language and can be taught by linguists. Whenever there is a change, and innovation, there is a reason for it. That reason may be changing preferences of users or busy time schedules. I believe that instead of criticizing this innovation and trying to undo it, it is better to accept it, and to standardize it for easy usage in future. Majority of people around us who own mobile phones today and have access to online social networks like face book and twitter; are used to abbreviated written expressions. According to one estimate, almost 50% of the world’s population owns a cell phone (Crystal). This technology has brought about an immense change in the communication patterns of people (Puente). The frequent use of services like face book status updating; tweets in twitter and short messaging services on cell phones have given rise to a whole new form of written expression, that utilizes more abbreviations and spells different words in ways that are rather unconventional. Some theorists and linguists consider this as a threat to the survival of English language as we know it (Humphrys). Others however argue that evolution of a language is a sign of it being alive. Instead of destroying the language, introduction of new technology is actually progressive for the language and is adding up new terminology to i t, which is more preferred by its users. During the last decade, written expression of English language

Robert E. Lee :: Essays Papers

Robert E. Lee For some the man Robert E. Lee is an almost god like figure. For others he is a paradox. Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 at Stratford, Virginia. Robert was the fourth child of a Revolutionary War hero Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee and Ann Hill Carter Lee. Young Robert, the son, was raised mostly by his mother. From her he learned patience, control, and discipline. As a young man he was exposed to Christianity and accepted its faith. In contrast to the strong example of his mother Robert saw his father go from failed enterprise to failed enterprise. In part the young Robert was led to try harder and succeed. Robert was accepted to the United States Military Academy and graduated 2nd in his class. But perhaps greater than his academic success was his record of no demerits while being a cadet which today has still not been equaled. Following his graduation Lee, like most top classmen, was given a commission as an engineer. Lt. Lee helped build the St. Louis waterfront and worked on coastal forts in Brunswick and Savannah. It was during this time he married Mary Custis the granddaughter of George Washington and Martha Custis Washington. In 1845 the War between U.S. and Mexico erupted. General Winfield Scott, overall U.S. Army commander, attached Captain Robert E. Lee to his staff. Lee was intrusted with the vital duties of mapping out the terrain ahead, dividing the line of advance for the U.S. troops, and in one case leading troops into battle. Lee was learning skills he would need 16 years later. There in Mexico Lee also met, worked with, and got a chance to evaluate many of those he would later serve with and against; James Longstreet, Thomas J. Jackson, George Pickett, and U.S. Grant. Following the Mexican War Lee returned to service as an army engineer. He spent most of this time near Washington D.C. and moved into Custis mansion (now overlooking the Arlington Cemetery). Thus was Colonel Lee was available for duty to put down a believed rebellion at Harper Ferry, Virginia the site of a United States Arsenal. Colonel Lee, and a young aide Lt. JEB Stuart, and a detachment of U.S. marines, were rushed by train to Harper's Ferry where they were able to capture radical abolitionist John Brown and his followers. Brown's attempt seemed

Ethics Essay Essay

There are different systems in which an individual or a company could make ethical decisions. They can vary depending on the issue at hand and they relate and different in certain ways. In this writing I will compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. I will include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality. And I will give a personal experience to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. Ethical systems based on abstract values are described as virtue theory. Virtue theory is based on character ethics. It is the viewpoint that in living one’s life one should try to cultivate excellence in all they do and in all that other do. This is the system that would address ethics and morality from the perspective of living with high values and with great character (Boylan, 2009). Quoting Boylan (2009) from our book, â€Å"Utilitarianism is a theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative† (pp. 153). Utilitarianism focuses on what is best for the group or team as a whole. This theory asks, â€Å"What ethical decision will profit the most for the largest amount of people?† Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to do a particular action just because the action, itself, is inherently right and not through any other sorts of calculations (Boylan, 2009). Calculations like what the consequences of that action might be. Deontology is a duty-based theory when addressing ethics and morality. In comparing these three, a utilitarian working for ATT might overlook a bad credit report to make a deal because the deal would help the company and the  client. Therefore it’s a win-win. A deontologist might make the same decision based on the fact that the client needs a cell phone to be able to take care of business in order to take of her children. The simple fact that the action is inherently right regardless of the consequences is the bases for the deontologist. And to the contrary only a virtuous worker would have integrity and do what was in the best interest of the company. A personal experience of mine to relate these topics would be a girlfriend of mine just got out of a bad relationship where she was not married, but had a child with this man. She lived with the father of her child for many years although he was abusive and was providing home that was unsafe and insufficient for her and her child. She stayed for many years making decisions as a utilitarian until one day she changed to a deontologist. She chose to leave the state and ignore the rights of the father on the grounds that he was abusing both her and her son. She valued her and her son’s health over anything. She was virtuous in that she rose above the desire to retaliate and pursued only their protection. And all of her actions where based on her moral concepts, according to her beliefs and understanding. In conclusion, there are many different theories and ways to make ethical decisions. I have related and compared the virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontology. I have also shared a personal experience to relate virtue, values, and moral concepts to one of these theories. Life and business are about making decisions and these concepts and theories are a foundation to a healthy life and a healthy business. References Thompson, S. (2014). What is the relationship among virtue, values & moral concepts in individual and business contexts?. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/relationship-among-virtue-values-moral-concepts-individual-business-contexts-69097.html Boylan, M. (2009). Basic Ethics. : Prentice Hall.

On The patio poem extrapolation essay - 1588 Words

On The Patio Poem Extrapolation Peter Redgrove was born in a middle class family in Kingston. As a child he got a microscope as a present and because of this he got a scholarship to Cambridge for science. Although he was deeply disturbed and was found to suffer from schizophrenia. He attempted to have Deep Insulin Coma Therapy, a shock treatment for the disease, he had around sixty treatments but it was unsuccessful and gave him visions and he also lost interest in science, so he turned to poetry instead. After working on poetry for about a year he started being published by newspapers. At the age of 22 he married Barbara and had four children with her. Normally he drank heavily and once had an affair with one of his colleague’s wife.†¦show more content†¦There are two examples of alliteration including, â€Å"Fly into the glass of swirl, and slop†, and â€Å"The cloud crushed into a glass†. All through the poem Redgrove uses symbolism in the rain and the storm to show sadness or depre ssion. When I began to interpret the meaning of this poem the biggest thing that stands out is the storm and the rain which could mean that the narrator is depressed or very sad. I think in this poem the narrator drinks a lot and is under the influence of alcohol. In the beginning of the poem he talks about an overflowing wineglass although all of the wine either spilled out or he drank it all but considering he is drunk I would assume that he drank it all. When you combine the alcohol with being depressed is what the feeling of the poem really is. Through the poem the narrator talks about his drinking and how his depression is consuming him. Depression is when you’re feeling really sad about your life or something in your life. In the middle of the poem it says â€Å"Over the table’s scales of rust, Shining like chained sores† which would mean that the drinking is an old habit and he has been following the pattern of getting drunk and being depressed for a long time. R ust forms when water continuously sits on a table and the more the water the more the rust forms so that would represent how often he gets drunk and depressed with the depression continues to